pp. 1-228 (April 2023)
pp. 1-200 (March 2023)
pp. 1-138 (February 2023)
pp. 1-144 (January 2023)
pp. 1-108 (December 2022)
pp. 1-106 (November 2022)
pp. 1-122 (October 2022)
pp. 1-124 (September 2022)
pp. 1-102 (August 2022)
pp. 1-112 (July 2022)
pp. 1-138 (June 2022)
pp. 1-186 (May 2022)
pp. 1-124 (April 2022)
pp. 1-104 (March 2022)
pp. 1-120 (February 2022)
pp. 1-124 (January 2022)
pp. 1-214 (June 2021)
pp. 1-90 (December 2021)
pp. 1-222 (April 2021)
pp. 1-324 (October 2021)
pp. 1-200 (February 2021)
pp. 1-222 (August 2021)
pp. 1-208 (December 2020)
pp. 1-112 (October 2020)
pp. 1-210 (August 2020)
pp. 1-204 (June 2020)
pp. 1-218 (April 2020)
pp. 1-182 (February 2020)
pp. 1-104 (December 2019)
pp. 1-116 (October 2019)
pp. 1-130 (August 2019)
pp. 1-224 (June 2019)
pp. 1-226 (April 2019)
pp. 1-216 (February 2019)
pp. 1-132 (December 2018)
pp. 1-182 (October 2018)
pp. 1-116 (August 2018)
pp. 1-228 (June 2018)
pp. 1-154 (April 2018)
pp. 1-198 (February 2018)
pp. 1-118 (December 2017)
pp. 1-162 (October 2017)
pp. 1-138 (August 2017)
pp. 1-190 (June 2017)
pp. 1-220 (April 2017)
pp. 1-164 (February 2017)
pp. 1-176 (December 2016)
pp. 1-138 (October 2016)
pp. 1-144 (August 2016)
pp. 1-122 (June 2016)
pp. 1-166 (April 2016)
pp. 1-222 (February 2016)
pp. 1-118 (December 2015)
pp. 1-194 (October 2015)
pp. 1-212 (August 2015)
pp. 1-150 (June 2015)
pp. 1-184 (April 2015)
pp. 1-200 (February 2015)
pp. 1-172 (December 2014)
pp. 1-230 (October 2014)
pp. 1-178 (August 2014)
pp. 1-138 (June 2014)
pp. 1-150 (April 2014)
pp. 1-122 (February 2014)
pp. 619-792 (December 2013)
pp. 475-618 (October 2013)
pp. 359-474 (August 2013)
pp. 249-358 (June 2013)
pp. 119-248 (April 2013)
pp. 1-118 (February 2013)
pp. 649-788 (December 2012)
pp. 523-647 (October 2012)
pp. 397-522 (August 2012)
pp. 255-396 (June 2012)
pp. 145-253 (April 2012)
pp. 1-143 (February 2012)
pp. 545-662 (December 2011)
pp. 451-544 (October 2011)
pp. 319-450 (August 2011)
pp. 193-317 (June 2011)
pp. 101-191 (April 2011)
pp. 1-99 (February 2011)
pp. 491-644 (December 2010)
pp. 399-489 (October 2010)
pp. 301-397 (August 2010)
pp. 187-299 (June 2010)
pp. 81-185 (April 2010)
pp. 1-80 (February 2010)
pp. 421-512 (December 2009)
pp. 337-419 (October 2009)
pp. 231-335 (August 2009)
pp. 161-229 (June 2009)
pp. 93-160 (April 2009)
pp. 1-91 (February 2009)
pp. 389-583 (December 2008)
pp. 289-388 (October 2008)
pp. 225-288 (August 2008)
pp. 131-222 (June 2008)
pp. 59-129 (April 2008)
pp. 1-58 (February 2008)
pp. 363-428 (December 2007)
pp. 305-361 (October 2007)
pp. 247-304 (August 2007)
pp. 193-246 (June 2007)
pp. 1-191 (April 2007)
pp. 259-361 (December 2006)
pp. 211-258 (October 2006)
pp. 103-210 (July 2006)
pp. 47-102 (April 2006)
pp. 1-46 (February 2006)
pp. 289-404 (December 2005)
pp. 243-288 (October 2005)
pp. 197-242 (August 2005)
pp. 151-196 (June 2005)
pp. 1-150 (April 2005)
pp. 235-280 (December 2004)
pp. 189-234 (October 2004)
pp. 139-188 (August 2004)
pp. 93-138 (June 2004)
pp. 47-92 (April 2004)
pp. 1-46 (February 2004)
pp. 231-276 (December 2003)
pp. 185-230 (October 2003)
pp. 139-183 (September 2003)
pp. 93-138 (July 2003)
pp. 47-92 (June 2003)
pp. 1-46 (April 2003)
Partic. vol. 23 pp. 62-67 (December 2015) doi: 10.1016/j.partic.2014.12.011
New coating formulation for the slow release of urea using a mixture of gypsum and dolomitic limestone
Farahnaz Eghbali Babadia, Robiah Yunusa,*, Suraya Abdul Rashidb, Mohamad Amran Mohd Sallehb, Salmiaton Alib
Highlights
Abstract
The use of urea and urea-based fertilizers has increased considerably over the past 15 years. They currently account for approximately 51% of the world's agricultural nitrogen consumption. However, about 20–70% of the applied urea fertilizer is lost to the environment, causing serious pollution and increasing costs. These losses come from leaching, decomposition, and ammonium volatilization in the soil during handling and storage. Controlled release by coating can be used to increase urea fertilizer efficiency. We studied the use of gypsum, sulfur, and ground magnesium lime as cost-effective coating materials. All these coating materials contain nutrients required by plants. The effects of the coating composition and proportion of sealant on the rate of urea release and the crushing strength of the coated urea were investigated. We found that coated urea with the same proportion of gypsum–ground magnesium lime (GML) exhibited low urea release and high crushing strength. The performance was enhanced when using polyols as a sealant on the surface of the coated urea. A surface morphology analysis indicated a uniform and smooth surface on the coated film. The efficiency of the coated urea improved by 34.2% when using gypsum–GML (1:1 ratio) containing 1.1% polyols.
Graphical abstract
Keywords
Urea; Ground magnesium lime; Crushing strength; Rotary pan; Sealant; Polyol